The lowest UHI, 4.91°C was found in May 2020 (The early stage of the first year). Furthermore, the UHI hot spot moved from almost evenly in East Jakarta in May 2020, a tiny spot in East Jakarta

Under Sukarno, Jakarta’s core was beautified with monuments and squares to “show off the pride of Indonesia” [77,87], but till today Jakarta’s multitude of urban problems and the inability of the government to tackle them has rendered Jakarta “in the eyes of its inhabitants an ’unloved’ and problematic city” . Behind the the North Jakarta will receive a serious problem by climate change in the coming years. Figure 2 Development of Built Up Areas in Ciliwung Basin Table 1 Major Floods in Jakarta
What is the biggest problem in Jakarta? Rapid urbanization in the megacity of Jakarta caused a wide range of urban problems in the last few decades. Two major problems are traffic congestions and floods. Jakarta is estimated to lose US$3 billion a year because of traffic congestion which can’t be separated from the high growth rate of vehicle
To analyse this, this paper addresses the question: ‘What is the role of the Dutch colonizers in the urban planning of Jakarta and its current water problems?’ To begin with, the way the Dutch had built the city needs to be discussed. This has been done following the Dutch urban planning principles of Simon Stevin (Kehoe 2015, 4 & 10).
Middle-Income Housing: What Jakarta Can Learn from Other Growing Cities. By Lim Li Shian. July 28, 2021. Text Size: A. A. A. Jakarta is already home to more than 10 million people. In Jakarta, a city of more than 10 million people, housing affordability has become a major issue—one that likely cannot be solved by the public sector alone, said
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    • urban problems in jakarta